Essay Investigating Air Pollution - 1158 Words

Investigating Air Pollution There are many different types of air pollutant. These pollutants have different effects on the environment and on our health. Some, directly because they are harmful chemicals and others because they can react together to produce harmful chemicals. Other pollutants or pollutant combinations upset the natural balance of acidity and nitrogen in the environment which can affect the diversity of species in sensitive areas. Other pollutants can contribute to changing global conditions and potentially give rise to dramatic changes in climate and sea level. Main Air Pollutants Sulphur dioxide is an acidic gas which combines with water vapour in the atmosphere to†¦show more content†¦Carbon monoxide (CO) is a toxic gas which is emitted into the atmosphere as a result of combustion processes, and is also formed by the oxidation of hydrocarbons and other organic compounds. In European urban areas, CO is produced almost entirely (90%) from road traffic emissions. It survives in the atmosphere for a period of approximately one month but is eventually oxidised to carbon dioxide (CO2). Nitrogen Dioxide. Nitrogen oxides are formed during high temperature combustion processes from the oxidation of nitrogen in the air or fuel. The principal source of nitrogen oxides - nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), collectively known as NOx - is road traffic, which is responsible for approximately half the emissions in Europe. NO and NO2 concentrations are therefore greatest in urban areas where traffic is heaviest. Other important sources are power stations, heating plants and industrial processes. Ground-level ozone (O3), unlike other pollutants mentioned , is not emitted directly into the atmosphere, but is a secondary pollutant produced by reaction between nitrogen dioxide (NO2), hydrocarbons and sunlight. Ozone levels are not as high in urban areas (where high levels of NO are emitted from vehicles) as in rural areas. Sunlight provides the energy to initiate ozone formation; consequently,Show MoreRelatedAffected And Benefited Population . It Is Very Hard To1379 Words   |  6 PagesAffected and benefited population It is very hard to believe someone actually benefits from China’s air pollution, but it is true. For those companies that manufacture filter masks and air purifications products, they make dibs on the air pollution. Air purifiers market will grow at a compound annual growth rate of 18% during 2016 to 2021, according to TechSci Research Report. Those who can afford the price would like to install purifiers at homes, schools, offices, subway stations, airports andRead MoreAir Pollution As A Growing Problem1530 Words   |  7 PagesSince last century, air pollution has become one of the most popular topics related to people’s healthy life. After the Second World War, the consumption of fossil energy increase sharply due to the rapid development of industry and transportation, however, there almost no relevant environmental regulations to control the negative effects caused by industrial emissions. Therefore, air pollution became a growing problem. This paper will compare the conditions of air pollution between Los Angeles andRead MoreEnvironmental Effects Of Urbanization On Shanghai And New York City1130 Words   |  5 Pagesinvestigated: air pollution, water quality and soil contamination. These ones are significant in our lives as they can affect our organs and thus influences our health directly. Through urbanization, the most common view is the establishment of factories. Most of these factories are located in heavy industrial areas of the cities. It is easy to hypotheses that air quality has become worse in Shanghai since it started urbanization in the 1980s. However, there is not a proportional decrease between air qualityRead MoreEffects Of The Vatican And Nazi Germany1375 Words   |  6 Pagesdeaths- as a result of air pollution exposure.† (http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2014/air-pollution/en/) The definition of air pollution is the air contains gases, dust, fumes or odor in harmful amounts. That is, amounts which could be harmful to the health or comfort of humans and animals or which could cause damage to plants and materials. Primary air pollutant includes carbon monoxide from car exhausts and sulfur dioxide from the combustion of coal. Further pollution can arise if pollutantsRead MoreEssay on Relationships between Asthma and Air Pollution1672 Words   |  7 PagesRelationships between Asthma and Air Pollution Professor’s comment: This student’s research paper synthesizes the results of a well-selected group of articles that explore relationships between asthma and air pollution. That laboratory science is at base a social enterprise is nicely exemplified by the focus of the studies she reviews. In drawing from the articles she reviews and in organizing her paper, the student maintains a good balance between discussing air-borne pollutants themselves andRead MoreAir Pollution in My Hometown1387 Words   |  6 Pages In the past few months, my hometown has suffered severe air pollution problems. The smog caused by pollution has existed for years in major cities in China, including Beijing, Shanghai and my hometown. Most of urban areas in middle and northern China are struggling with air pollution, even some tropical regions could be affected. Surrounded by the fantastic fresh air in Seattle, I felt frustrated about the bad pollution problems in China. Every time I enjoy the b eautiful skyline and sunshine inRead MoreEnvironmental Issues Of Air Pollution1901 Words   |  8 Pagesperson inhales about 20,000 liters of air. Every time we breathe, we risk inhaling dangerous chemicals that have found their way into the air. We as humans depend on the air around us to live, without it we would die. We rely on this as an essential source for living. Air pollution includes all contaminants found in the atmosphere. It is another major problem that is yet to be solved. These dangerous substances can be either in the form of gases or particles. The air is 99.9% nitrogen, oxygen, waterRead MoreAir Pollution And Air Pollutants Essay1883 Words   |  8 PagesAir pollution is characterized by the introduction or rise in air gases and particles beyond the standard levels of clean air (EPA, 2016a). Types of air pollutants vary depending on the source, such as industries, motor vehicles, combustion or natural sources; however, certain air pollutants have drawn more attention because of their widespread and health effects (EPA, 2016a). Examples of these pollutants are: ozone, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds andRead MoreThe Regulations Of The Clean Air Act1235 Words   |  5 Pagesrevealed the car manufacturer company Volkswagen had installed a software on their cars to evade the emission of hi gh pollution during the tests. Volkswagen was proven of violating the United States code title 42 chapter 85 Subchapter I Part A 7412 that specifies that any modification in a product that increases the emission of any air pollutant is considered dangerous and violates the Clean Air Act. Other than Volkswagen more companies are being suspects like Robert Bosch who is believed of being the developerRead MoreMethods Used For Monitoring Air Sheds1424 Words   |  6 Pages1. Air Quality Airshed monitoring Methods used for monitoring air sheds: According to the Ministry for the Environment (2014), airshed is improved levels of air quality. A filter dynamic measurement system (FDMS) is used to measure PM10. PM10 is an atmospheric particulate matter less than or equal to 10 micrometres ( µm) in diameter. The TEOM is a proprietary system that determines particulate concentration by continuously weighing particles deposited on a filter (Aberkane, et al., 2010, p. 4). The

Essay about Affects of Drug Abuse - 645 Words

Associate Level Material Appendix D Research Plan As part of your research plan, you must first draft a research question for your research paper that will guide the rest of your writing. A research question, which is more specific and focused than a general topic, is the question that your research paper will be answering. For example, if your general area of interest is social security, a possible research question might ask â€Å"How can low-income families save more money if the United States had a reformed social security plan that includes personal retirement accounts?† As you develop a research question, keep in mind that you will need to research sources to support your topic. Do not pick a one-sided question that will limit your†¦show more content†¦| How is your research question significant or relevant to a wider community? | Because drugs are a widespread thing all around the world even in foreign countries. And because there are addicts all over the world whose family and friends have been deeply affected by it. | What background information provides the preliminary grounds for your research? | My sister was an addict and it almost destroyed her life. I have several cousins whom are still addicts as well and they are in their mid 40’s†¦ | What are some expert or authoritative sources of information on this research question? | Authoritative and expert sources for this research would be, The National Drug Authority (responsible for the regulation and quality of drugs. The (FDA or USFDA) is an agency of the United States. T he FDA is responsible for protecting and promoting public health.Narcotics anonymous, Intervention, and mentoring. | What type of materials will you need to review for your research paper? | I will need to review the reasons that drugs have such an impact on people. And why they are so addictive. And the dangers in becoming addicted to drugs. | What procedures will you follow to conduct your research? | Internet research on the subject, UOP library resources on drugs, I will also be reviewing reports and papers on this subject, and the studies on drugs and drug policies. | What difficulties do you anticipate in conducting yourShow MoreRelatedThe Different Affects of Drug Abuse Among Genders783 Words   |  3 PagesO’Neill, drug abuse affects women and men differently. Mary Tyrone seems to be affected mentally by her morphine addiction, whereas the men, Tyrone, Jamie, Edmund, in the household appear to be affected physically by their alcohol addiction. Cynthia Robbins’ s â€Å"Sex Differences in Psychosocial Consequences of Alcohol and Drug Abuse† supports the different effects of drug abuse among men and women. She examines three different hypotheses concerning gender differences in the impact of alcohol and drug abuseRead MoreEffects Of Prescription Drug Abuse And The Affects It Can Have On The Lives Of Those Abusing Them1277 Words   |  6 Pages05/24/16 â€Æ' Prescription Drug Abuse, Codi Saldana â€Æ' Abstract This Research Project will be on the effects of Prescription Drug Abuse, and the affects it can have on the lives of those abusing them. In the report I will go into further details on the difference between what it means to be physically dependent to prescription drugs, and what it means to be addicted to the prescription drugs. Questions will be left to ask as to why there are so many overdoses to prescription drugs, and what ages groupsRead MorePrescription Drug Abuse And Prescription Drugs Essay1413 Words   |  6 Pagesalmost everyone has taken them at one point or another during their lifetime. Not all prescription drugs are addicting, but a large number of them are. Prescription drug abuse is a disease that has become a major problem in the United States, which affects over six-million Americans. Prescription drug abuse not only affects the individual, but can additionally have far-reaching consequences that affect family, personal health, employment, communities and socie ty as a whole. Research has shown thatRead MoreDrug Abuse And Addiction : Drugs977 Words   |  4 PagesDrug abuse/addiction Jeremy Graham May 11, 2015 Period, 5 Drug abuse and addiction Drug abuse/addiction is a major problem in Indiana that affects many individual. Several solutions such as rehab and drug classes have been tried. Yet, the best solution is taking drug classes. Many people do not understand why people become addicted to drugs or how drugs change the brain to foster compulsive drug abuse. They mistakenly view drug abuse and addiction as strictly a socialRead MoreThe Effects Of Drug Abuse On Society Essay1136 Words   |  5 Pagesall felt the effects of drug abuse. In other words, whether it affects an individual directly or indirectly every person has seen or felt the negative effects of drug abuse in our society. The ultimate question, is why does such an abounding amount of Americans abuse illicit drugs, and how does it affect us as a nation? Moreover, something such as this doesn t occur for without a distinct cause, there must be something occurring in our society that creates these illicit drug abusers. CorrespondinglyRead MoreThe Negatives Effects of Marijuana on Teenager880 Words   |  4 PagesNegatives Effects of Marijuana on Teenager What is Marijuana? The marijuana affects the brain development on teenager. Also affect the function at school, work, and social life of the teenagers. The marijuana increases the risk of mental health issues. The sadistic show that the used of marijuana increase every years. Marijuana affects the teenager and also their families. According to National Institute of Drug Abuse, Marijuana is a greenish-gray mixture of the dried, shredded leaves, stems, seedsRead MoreEssay On The Effects Of Drugs739 Words   |  3 Pagesnumber of things that can harm your body. A major one is drug. Not only does drugs harm your body, but also effect your behavior and people around you. Drugs come in many forms, from drinking to smoking. â€Å"Tobacco is one of the world most used drug, and it’s responsible for an estimated 5 million deaths worldwide each year† (Addiction and Health). Abusing drugs can cause mental, health problems, and also effect the people around you. The use of drugs cause people to experience mental issues such as behaviorRead MoreSubstance Abuse Is Not A New Problem894 Words   |  4 PagesSubstance Abuse Drug abuse is not a new problem, it has been happening for the longest time, abusing drugs has always been an interesting topic to me because I have never been able to grasp the concept of why addicts start or continue when it is clearly obvious that it has negative effects on the human body. It is a popular conception of common sense, but is false. Drug abusers sometimes are not educated enough to know the damages or the addict truly believes they are not addicted. This topic sparksRead MoreSubstance Abuse And Its Effect On Education1348 Words   |  6 PagesSubstance Abuse and its Effect on Education Drug abuse is a serious public health problem that affects almost every community and family in some way. Each year drug abuse causes millions of serious illnesses or injuries among Americans. A study done in John Hopkins University School of Medicine, found that individuals who are unemployed have higher rates of substance abuse than those who are regularly employed. Five hundred and fifty nine participants, who were unemployed, at least eighteen yearsRead MoreDrug Addiction and Health Problems965 Words   |  4 Pages Drug addiction, also called substance dependence of chemical dependency, is a disease that is characterized by a destructive pattern of drug abuse that leads to significant problems involving tolerance to or withdrawal from the substance, as well as other problems that use of the substance can cause for the sufferer, either socially or in terms of their work or school performance.   More than 2.6% of people suffer from drug addiction at some time in their life. The term dual diagnosis refers to the

Duties of Directors of a Company amples for Students †MyAssignmenthel

Question: Discuss about the Duties of directors of a company. Answer: Duties of directors of a company For any company to prosper it is imperative that there should remain at the helm of the affairs of such company a director who is able to manage things efficiently.Like the captain of a ship, the duty of a director is to ensure that the company does its job, but that it does its job well, both economically as well as socially, and to steer the company clear of problems and should the company ever fall into dire straits, help the company recover from such straits as well. Every aspect of a corporation is somehow controlled by the Corporations Act, 2001 Everything starting from the appointment of directors to the discharge of duties of the directors comes under the purview of the corporations act. Before discussing further about the duties of the directors, it would be prudent if we were to turn our attention to the actual appointment o director under the Corporation Act, 2001. The definition given in the Corporation Act with regard to directors is broad enough to include within its ambit all officers appointed by a company who perform all, or substantially, the tasks of a managerial nature for the company. From this proposition it is obvious that the directors stand in a fiduciary relationship with the company as a huge amount of trust and confidence is reposed in them and it is mandatory, both legally as well as morally, that they should honor such trust and confidence. Directors again may be subdivided into executive and non-executive. A non-executive director is one who, as the name suggests, has not been appointed in an executive capacity by the organization. Generally such non-executive does not form part of the internal management capacity of a company and instead works in a supervisory capacity from outside the company. They are also termed as independent directors. Both such directors have their sets of duties legally specified and mandated for the m. Duties of a director The duties of a director may be basically and broadly divided into the following four heads: Duty of acting with due care and diligence; Duty of acting in good faith; Duty to use the position of director in a proper and valid manner; and Duty to make proper use of information in the hands of the director. Now let us consider each such duty in detail. Duty of acting with due care and diligence: This is an obvious and indispensable part of the directors duty. This duty finds reflection in section 180 of the Corporations Act, 2001. A director is expected to act with obvious care and regard to the companys affairs and also be diligent in his dealings. This point has been subject to much judicial as well as academic scrutiny. One of the first questions that may arise with regard to this point is the yardstick against which the due care and diligence of a director must be measured. To put it more simply, what should the yardstick be? Whether the director should be judged with regard to his own intelligence or with reference to the intelligence of a person of normal prudence and reason? This question arose in the case of Re City Equitable Fire Insurance Co. Lt. One Bevan holding an influential position in the company created a situation in the company that other directors in the company were made instrumental in his plan. Such was the extent of his plan that it lead to a corporate collapse and other directors were, knowingly or unknowingly, part of his plan. Now the question was whether the other directors had failed in their duty of due care and diligence, because going by the circumstances of the case, one of them being signature of blank cheques by such directors, it may be said to be highly probable that the other directors had in fact failed in such duty. However court took a holistic view of the case and did not consider a single act of signing blank cheques as evidence of acting without due care and diligence.The Court held that directors had signed in circumstances that did not give rise to any suspicion in the minds of the director, thereby going by such ac tion; the court held that the directors in fact had acted in due care and diligence. However, in the case of Re D'Jan of London Ltd it was held by the court that in case a director simply signs a document without having read the same, that would amount to acting without due care and diligence. Duty of good faith: This duty is enunciated in section 181 of the Corporations Act, 2001. Here the term good faith implies an honest and bona fide belief. Such belief should be towards the end that whatever the director is doing, he is doing for the benefit of the company and for its ultimate good. In the case of Re Smith and Fawcett Ltd the court specifically held that the duty of good faith has been imposed upon the director and thus, ultimately it is the director who must exercise his good faith and not anyone else, not even the courts. Of course, a natural corollary of this duty would be that in case directors actions lead to an adverse effect on the companys interests, the directors would have a harder time explaining to the court about the good faith that they employed while taking decision on behalf of the company. In the case of Harlowes Nominees Pty Ltd v Woodside (Lake Entrance) Oil Company NL the directors of the company made allotment of share capital to company B. Such allotment was done in exercise of discretionary powers of the directors and not through usual process and the ultimate aim of the allotment was to prevent a particular mysterious buyer from acquiring further substantial shares in the company. Also company B acted in collaboration with Woodside (Lake Entrance) Oil Company NL in the process of exploration of natural oil and gas. This allotment was challenged by a mystery buyer on the grounds that the allotment did not further the interests of the company and the directors did not act in good faith. It was held that good faith simply did not imply the bare financial interests of the company. While allowing the shares to have been sold in the market freely would definitely have been more lucrative for the company, the main aim of the allotment was to prevent the mysterious buyer from gaining further substantial shares in the company, therefore effectively allowing the management of the company being transferred to the mysterious buyer. Thus, going by the actions of the directors, it could well be inferred that they did actually act in good faith. Duty to use the position of director in a proper and valid manner: This duty is found in section 182 of the Corporations Act. The section prohibits a director from using their position in any way that would provide to such director an undue or unwarranted advantage that would otherwise not have come to the direction. Examples of improper use may be said to be influence exercised by directors upon future investment decisions of the company, by virtue of which a director may change his plan accordingly. This section extends not only to the director himself, but also in cases of any undue advantage such director may extend to some other person. In the case of ASIC v Adler, it was laid down by the Court that the director Adler was in contravention of section 182 because he had mobilized funds to the tune of $ 10 million to be given to PEE by HIHC in the form of a loan. As a result of this transaction, PEE had to suffer losses in its investment because the main aim of such transaction was to jack up the share prices of HIH and thereafter all the shares of HIH held by Adler Corporation were sold and Adler himself was an officer in such corporation. This resulted in PEE facing a huge loss in the market and Adler Corporation gaining an undue profit. Duty to make proper use of information in the hands of the director: Again the language of this duty might be positive but what this duty essentially implies is that it is incumbent upon the directors not to misuse information that such director may have received simply by virtue of being a director of such company. This duty finds expression in section 183 of the Corporations Act, 2001. The liability is imposed not only on the director but also on any person who receives information for not being a director of any company. An example this section in practice is the case of McNamara v Flavel in which McNamara being the director of a company named Duna World Pty Ltd obtained certain information in such capacity and used that for his own benefit, thereby causing undue loss to his company. Here the court held that the director was acting in obvious breach of his duty. He used such information illegally for his own benefit, but his actions also caused loss to the interests of the company, the facts of the case were very clear and they explicitly pointed that McNamara had acted intentionally and willingly in breach and thus he was held liable. Conclusion The four duties discussed above, are in brief, the duties of a director and such duties are non-negotiable. Directors of a company stand in fiduciary relationship with the company and keeping that in mind, directors are supposed to exhibit exceptional and extreme fidelity to a company. It is undeniable that an efficient director can take the company from strength to strength and to help directors achieve such lofty aims, they are given immense powers and discretion. However, as Lord Acton had remarked, Absolute power corrupts absolutely so also unbridled power is not given to the directors. In fact thelaw itself contemplates many checks and balances on the powers of the directors, some of which we discussed here in this article. Despite that, there have been cases where many directors have in fact contravened thelaw and have breached their duties, but in such cases the courts have acted promptly and brought the directors to book. References Langford, R. (2011). The Duty of Directors to Act Bona Fide in the Interests of the Company: A Positive Fiduciary Duty? Australia and the UK Compared. Journal Of CorporateLaw Studies, 11(1), 215-242. https://dx.doi.org/10.5235/147359711795344181 Farrar, J. (2001).Corporate governance in Australia and New Zealand(1st ed.). South Melbourne, Vic.: Oxford University Press. Yang, T. (Directors' Controlling Shareholder's Fiduciary Duty and Business Judgment Rule).SSRN Electronic Journal. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2924306 Fiduciary Duty of Officers and Directors Not to Compete with the Corporation. (1941).HarvardLaw Review,54(7), 1191. https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1334929 MacDonald, R. The Companies Act 2006 and the Directors' Duty to Disclose. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1767469 Lee, T. (1987). Limiting Corporate Directors' Liability: Delaware's Section 102(b)(7) and the Erosion of the Directors' Duty of Care. University Of Pennsylvania Law Review, 136(1), 239. https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3312048 Weiner, W. (1952). Corporations: Officers and Directors: Fiduciary Duty of Officer Purchasing Stock from Shareholder. Michigan Law Review, 51(2), 290. https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1285722 Bradley, M., Chen, D. Corporate Governance, Fiduciary Duty of Boards of Directors, and Bondholders Wealth. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1572159 Better shareholders-better company. (2008) (1st ed.). [Canberra]. George, J. (2004). The duty of care and diligence (1st ed.). Mascot, N.S.W.: Talomin Books. Redmond, P., Martin, K. (1997). Judging business judgements (1st ed.). Perth, W.A.: Law Society of Western Australia.

Passion for Baseball free essay sample

Around this time in September, thirteen years ago, I saw a beautiful event happen. I was sitting in front of the small television in my living room and I witnessed Mike Piazza hit a homerun in Shea Stadium. At that moment, I was hooked for life. The game of baseball is rich in history and full of legends, yet is still accessible to almost anyone on this planet. For me, baseball is more than a game; it’s a lifestyle. I began playing T-ball at the raw age of six years old and advanced to a new level of play every year. My passion for baseball flowed through my body more and more as I advanced to new levels of play. However, being on the field was not the only place that cemented my love for America’s pastime. In fact, the front of my TV actually influenced me a lot. We will write a custom essay sample on Passion for Baseball or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I would watch almost every depressing Met’s game and sit in front of my computer playing two-dimensional Backyard Baseball 2003. Thank god my brother shares my enthusiasm or who knows what sport I would be playing right now. Year after year, there is something special about baseball that has kept me fascinated. I think there are many reasons why baseball captivates millions of people around the world. I think one of the reasons is that baseball is an eerily perfect game. How did the inventors of baseball know that 90 feet between each base was the perfect length? There are countless plays that come down to a matter of inches. Baseball is often referred to as â€Å"the game of inches† because a matter of inches can be the difference between being safe or out, or even a win or loss. Another reason I like baseball is because I truly believe it brings people together. Just think about twelve years ago today (September 11, 2011). Planes crashed into iconic buildings in New York City and Washington D. C. When baseball started back up again, guess who was there to throw out the first pitch in Yankees Stadium? Our president, George W. Bush. He threw an impeccable strike and the crowd went wild. Through all of the grieving and horror of that week, New York had something to cheer for again. I still get chills just thinking about that special day. It’s magical moments like that, that make baseball so extraordinary. Baseball is often referred to as â€Å"America’s Pastime†. I really like that saying because baseball is engrained in America’s history. I think its funny that baseball almost has a history as vast as the United States. The idea of playing catch in the backyard or going out to the ballpark with your family is etched into my idea of America†. As a kid that loves the idea of America, it seems fitting that baseball is part of my life. The history is another aspect that keeps me playing. Abner Doubleday first adapted baseball from the British game, â€Å"Rounders†. From then on, baseball has evolved into the modern game that I have grown to love. When I visited the Baseball Hall of Fame, I realized how important the history was. Every time I step on a baseball field, I think about the other people that have stepped on a similar field in the past. I think of heroes like Jackie Robinson and Ty Cobb, but I also think of soldiers in World War II that continued to play overseas. I feel honored just to think that I am playing the same game that they played. Luckily, I am privileged enough to still be playing baseball. I cannot imagine myself not playing baseball and it makes me nauseous just thinking about it. Like I said, baseball is part of my lifestyle. Even shopping for baseball pants or cleats gets me excited. During my lifetime, I guarantee that I will flip on the TV every morning and watch the highlights of every game, just like I did as a kid. My passion for baseball will never stop running through my veins.